Doença hepática gordurosa não alcoólica em pacientes com índice de massa corporal normal: etiologia e fatores de risco associados em um hospital terciário / Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with normal body mass index: etiology and associated risk factors in a tertiary hospital

Introdução: A prevalência de doença hepática gordurosa não alcoólica (DHGNA) está aumentando, inclusive em pacientes não obesos. O presente estudo tem como objetivo determinar a prevalência de pacientes com peso normal e com esteatose não alcóolica, determinar a frequência de esteatose primária e secundária e comparar os fatores de risco conforme o índice de massa corporal (IMC). Métodos: Estudo transversal que avaliou pacientes com evidência de esteatose em exames de imagem. Foram avaliados dados demográfi cos, perfil virológico e lipídico, provas de função hepática; os dados foram comparados entre grupos subdivididos de acordo com IMC (<25 e ≥25). Resultados: A percentagem de pacientes com esteatose e IMC normal foi de 10,9%. Não houve diferença na prevalência de Diabetes melitus tipo 2, hipertensão arterial sistêmica ou tabagismo entre os grupos. Causas secundárias de esteatose foram encontradas em 12 pacientes (09 com hepatite C, 01 com doença celíaca, 01 com hepatite autoimune e 01 com hemocromatose). Houve um percentual maior de causas secundárias específicas no grupo com IMC <25. Conclusão: Em pacientes com esteatose e sem sobrepeso/obesidade, fatores secundários sempre devem ser investigados (AU)

Introduction: The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing, even in non-obese patients. This study aims to determine the prevalence of normal-weight patients with non-alcoholic steatosis, determine the frequency of primary and secondary steatosis, and compare risk factors according to the body mass index (BMI). Methods: Cross-sectional study that evaluated patients with evidence of steatosis on imaging. Demographics, virologic and lipid profiles, and liver function tests were evaluated; the data were compared between groups divided according to BMI (<25 and ≥25). Results: The percentage of patients with normal BMI and steatosis was 10.9 %. There was no difference in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus type 2, hypertension or smoking between the groups. Secondary causes of steatosis were found in 12 patients (09 with HCV, 01 with celiac disease, 01 with autoimmune hepatitis, and 01 with hemochromatosis). There was a higher percentage of specifi c secondary causes in the group with BMI <25. Conclusion: In patients with steatosis and without overweight/obesity, secondary factors should always be investigated (AU)

Management of anticoagulation with vitamin K antagonists in a tertiary hospital outpatient clinic

INTRODUCTION: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the main risk factors for stroke. Vitamin K antagonists (VKA) reduce this risk, and the effectiveness of this treatment is directly related to time in therapeutic range (TTR). This study aimed to report the TTR in patients with non-valvular AF at an anticoagulation outpatient clinic; and to describe the profile of this population of patients in terms of risk of stroke, as well as the occurrence of adverse events during the follow-up. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study involving patients of the anticoagulation outpatient clinic of the Department of Internal Medicine at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. We evaluated outpatient visits, hospital admissions, and emergency visits from January to December 2011. TTR was calculated using the Rosendaal method. RESULTS: Sixty-three patients were investigated. Their mean age was 74.3±10.9 years. The CHADS2 score was ≥ 4 in 44.5% of the patients; 63.5% of them had a CHA2 DS2 -VASc score ≥ 5. The TTR was 64.8%. During follow-up, the incidence of overall bleeding was 31.7%, with major and minor bleeding rates of 4.8% and 34.9%, respectively. There were no other complications related to AF or anticoagulation. CONCLUSION: The patients achieved a TTR of 64.8% during follow-up, which is deemed appropriate and in agreement with the literature. Patients had high risk for stroke, and the incidence of minor bleeding was higher than the rate found in the literature, whereas the incidence of major bleeding was similar to the one found in previous studies

Nódulo hepático: o que fazer / Hepatic nodule: what to do

O achado de nódulo hepático é freqüente na prática clinica e apresenta um vasto quadro de diagnósticos diferenciais. Com o aumento do uso de modernos métodos de imagem, o diagnóstico incidental de lesões hepáticas tem-se tornado mais freqüente, sendo que a maioria destes incidentalomas são benignos. Apresentaremos neste artigo os principais diagnósticos diferenciais das lesões hepáticas focais.